Land type

A land type is any subtype used for the further classification of land cards.

Other than creature types land types don't have to appear on all lands. Instead they are only introduced for mechanical purposes.

Rules
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Basic land types
The most common lands are the five colored basic lands. Each have the supertype "Basic" (meaning there is no limit to how many cards of that name you can have in a constructed deck), a subtype matching its name, and a single activated ability allowing you to tap it to generate one colored mana.

These basic land types and the mana they generate are:
 * Plains — white
 * Island — blue
 * Swamp — black
 * Mountain — red
 * Forest — green

When an effect specifically refers to "basic land type," it is referring to any or all of these five subtypes.

Ordinarily, changing a card's subtype does not automatically change its abilities, but the basic land types are an exception. If a land gains a basic land type, it also gains the ability to tap for the appropriate color of mana (and loses all other abilities, unless the type-changing effect allows it to keep its original types.)

Nonbasic land types
There are some land types associated with nonbasic lands:
 * Desert the first nonbasic land type introduced
 * Gate associated with the guilds of Ravnica
 * Lair set of specific triple lands
 * Locus able to produce large amount of colorless mana
 * Urza's assemble the three different parts for 7 colorless mana. The fourth came in Time Spiral, and the fifth was introduced in Modern Horizons 2.
 * Mine
 * Power-Plant
 * Tower